Український журнал хірургії 2 (33) 2017

У статті розглянуто основні напрями оптимізації навчального процесу на кафедрі акушерства та гінекології вищого медичного навчального закладу у зв’язку із застосуванням наскрізного принципу побудови навчального плану та формуванням когнітивних і діяльнісних компетенцій під час вивчення анатомії людини.

В статье рассмотрены основные направления оптимизации учебного процесса на кафедре акушерства и гинекологии высшего медицинского учебного заведения в связи с использованием сквозного принципа построения учебного плана и формированием когнитивных и деятельностных компетенций в ходе изучения анатомии человека.

Training of students in the Ukrainian higher medical educational institutions since 2005 is carried out within priorities of the Bologna convention on ensuring comparability in the standards and quality of higher education qualifications in the European Union. In these conditions, one of the most important levers of granting quality education is programming the process of formation of professional competences by each higher education institution, which is implemented in two strategic (specification of maintenance of professional competences by results of all process of training and distribution of educational and didactic means of these competences development within a structure of educational programs) and at least one tactical (improvement of educational and methodical support to each educational module) aspects. Since 2014–2015, academic year training at the Donetsk national medical university is carried out according to new curricula, which consider the demand of optimization of distribution of a training material and tools of formation of practical abilities of medical students between educational modules on the scale of all training program. It, in turn, determines a necessity of formation of the cross-cutting program of training, both between certain clinical disciplines and in their conjunction with a set of modules on theoretical medicine. Such approach in application to knowledge and abilities on obstetrics and gynecology ideally gives the chance to create practical skills and an algorithm of clinical thinking, which are designed to provide effective diagnosis and justification of basic approaches to granting a medical care at certain pathological states in pregnant and parturient women taking into account knowledge of fundamental medicine. At the same time, the use of the cross-cutting program of training determines the large volume of each subject lesson that in the conditions of reducing the number of classroom hours, as compared to the volume of independent work of students, causes requirements to teaching certain issues, as well as forces to look for ways to optimize the educational process. One of such ways was joint development of mechanisms of teaching certain elements of a training material by lecturers of obstetrics and gynecology department and human anatomy department. In this situation, the department of human anatomy provides basic knowledge on a structure of anatomic formations, their expanded classification, and then department of obstetrics and gynecology, without stopping repeatedly on these questions, deepens knowledge and improves practical skills. So, the course of normal anatomy was strengthened due to rising of a clinical orientation of anatomic knowledge in aspects of a structure of the pelvis (definition of reference points, which are borders between large and small pelvises; studying external and obstetric conjugates, acquaintance to a pelvimeter, emphasis on the features of a female pelvis, acquaintance to platipelloid forms, types of bone connection, age features of a female pelvis). Also, joint methodical seminar of two departments was organized. Requirements to the initial knowledge for studying the module of obstetrics and gynecology, which at the same time are results of training in appropriate sections of human anatomy, were concretized within this seminar. Thus, cooperation of fundamental and clinical department gives the chance to increase the level of practical questions’ assimilation by students of older years and to optimize resources on their studying.

наскрізний принцип, навчальний план, акушерство і гінекологія, анатомія людини, навчальний процес

сквозной принцип; учебный план; акушерство и гинекология; анатомия человека; учебный процесс

cross-cutting principle; curriculum; obstetrics and gynecology; human anatomy; educational process